TE - White Papers

Lighting System Interconnection Levels

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III. BACKGROUND As mentioned in the introduction, a broad range of light sources and related sockets were developed in earlier years as new light sources were created. The earliest light source—the incandescent bulb—was developed around 1802 and refined by Thomas Edison in 1879 to become a reliable, mass-marketable product. At that time, Edison acknowledged the finite life of his light source and the necessity for replacement. To facilitate ease of replacement, Edison took his inspiration from the screw top of a kerosene can and, in 1881, developed the screw-in lamp base with a central, glass-insulated contact with which we are all familiar [1]. As a result, the development of this connector system for the new incandescent bulb dramatically accelerated adoption of this new light source, since it could readily be retrofit into familiar light fixtures of the time (e.g., gas, oil and candle lamps). By placing the new light source into fixtures familiar to the consumer, they were more readily accepted. Even today, electric light fixtures continue to resemble these of years past as seen in the multitude of "candelabra" style light fixtures and the table lamps that mirror oil lamps of old. As the electrification of the world progressed, so did the integration of sockets into fixtures. Of course, this transition required consumer education. As the popularity and adoption of these new light sources spread, user instructions were posted next to wall switches to familiarize people with their use. The label shown in Fig. 5, while humorous today, was a necessity at the turn of the last century since, as today with compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) and light emitting diode (LED) illumination, consumers needed to be educated on the use of the new light source. Fig. 4 Electric light instructional label/plaque 4

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