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practical light source. This revelation set off the next 100 years of lighting development centered on electrically heating a filament or gas to create light. 400,000 BC 13,000 BC Rock, stone or shell lamps 3000 BC Open bowl with lip, oil lamps 600 BC Oil pottery lamps 500 BC Oil reservoir lamps c. 500 AD Horn lantern 400 AD Tallow or beeswax candle 1783 Argand Lamp 1792 Gas light, lit with coal 1802 1 st incandescent bulb 1878 Arc created in electric candle 1880 Edison patent 223, 898 issued Fire/Torches 400,000 BC 13,000 BC Rock, stone or shell lamps 3000 BC Open bowl with lip, oil lamps 600 BC Oil pottery lamps 500 BC Oil reservoir lamps c. 500 AD Horn lantern 400 AD Tallow or beeswax candle 1783 Argand Lamp 1792 Gas light, lit with coal 1802 1 st incandescent bulb 1802 1 st incandescent bulb 1878 Arc created in electric candle 1880 Edison patent 223, 898 issued 1880 Edison patent 223, 898 issued Fire/Torches Fig. 2 Pre-electric timeline B. THE ERA OF ELECTRICITY For the bulk of the past 125 years Edison's incandescent bulb reigned supreme as it brought a new, compact and intense light to those previously only familiar with oil or gas lamps. When Edison's first light bulb was installed in a building, a pair of wires provided the AC or DC power to the bulb. No other options existed and minimal interconnect technology was involved other than the venerable "Edison Base" screw-in light socket. This changed as newer light sources were developed. These new light sources required the creation of specialized sockets uniquely suited to take full advantage of the capabilities of these new light sources. 2