connector on the driver board, or as simple as a wire nut connecting the wire from a lamp to a wire
from the driver/ballast. Of course, since most incandescents do not require an intermediate power
source, most incandescent lighting fixtures do not have a Level L4.
L4
L4
Fig.21 LED desk lamp Fig. 22 LED recessed fixture
L5
L5
Fig. 23 AC power connection Fig. 24 Fluorescent troffer
connections
Continuing away from the lamp, we come to Level L5 which is the primary power connection
to the fixture. This is a separable connector and is typified by a standard plug and receptacle
configuration. In North America, this is the NEMA compliant two or three prong plug. In Europe and
other locations, this is the DIN two pin plug. Since industry standard AC plugs are used, in most
instances, this is a 120VAC/220VAC/277VAC/347VAC power source for most lighting applications. In
some regions of the world, electrical codes allow recessed lighting fixtures to be pluggable using a
Tyco Electronics NECTOR connector or equivalent as the primary power connection.
Also worth mentioning at this point is that there are a number of efforts taking place around
the globe that promote low voltage DC as a primary power source for lighting. Immediately below is
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