TE - White Papers

TE Connectivity White Paper /// V2X - An important building block in Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) Page 4 V2X – An important building block in Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) Galileo, GLONASS, Beidou) is there- fore a vital prerequisite for any V2X system. Appropriate processing of V2X infor- mation requires very high position- ing precision, exact timing based on synchronous signals, heading, and reliable velocity input. All this relevant basic data are generated, among other things from the GNSS signals (see figure 2). 2. V2X standards and regulations Currently, the market features two competing standards for supporting V2X communication: DSRC (dedi- cated short range communication) based on IEEE Wireless LAN tech- nology 802.11, and C-V2X (cellular V2X) based on 3GPP mobile radio standard. Figure 3 illustrates the communication patterns in a co- operative intelligent traffic system (C-ITS), regardless of the selected standard. It is not clear yet which V2X tech- nology the automotive industry will eventually apply, with the global use of the technologies being concen- trated at first on the U.S., Europe, Japan, and China. In the U.S. the 5.9 GHz frequency spectrum has been reserved for DSRC. The U.S. Department of Trans- port (DOT) was already close to mandating the WLAN based stan- dard. However, the DOT, which was considered a supporter of DSRC, left the decision for too long. Under the current administration, no V2X tech- nology decision has yet been made. This continuing reticence has led many industry observers to assume that the U.S. is choosing the "let the market decide" option. Europe has always been trending towards DSRC, as also intended by a European Commission's delegat- ed act. This act recommends the use of WLAN based (DSRC) devices for the communication of intelligent transport systems (ITS) in all of the EU. But following the veto of some member states, the European Com- mission decided to decline the pro- posed technical specifications for the definition of a WLAN based com- munication standard for inter-vehicle communication, thus postponing a final decision. Japan has been using a modified version of the DSRC standard since 2015. The major difference in imple- mentation compared to Europe or the U.S. is the use of a different fre- quency range. While Europe and the U.S. use frequencies in the range of 5.9 GHz, Japan has opted for a fre- quency range of 760 MHz. In China the situation is clear: Here C-V2X will be used. China faces ma- jor mobility challenges in the big cities, with many traffic jams and accidents. C-V2X is regarded as an efficient instrument for solving these problems, and the Chinese govern- ment wants to implement the stan- dard rather sooner than later. With their existing guidelines and fre- quency allocations the Chinese ad- ministration is in a good position to Fig. 2: V2X using GNSS as a basis Fig. 3: Communication patterns in a C-ITS

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