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The Road to Autonomous Driving Transforming Vision into Reality Page 8 TE AUTOMOTIVE /// Trend Paper | The Road to Autonomous Driving 4 | CONNECTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS OF AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE APPLICATIONS Autonomous driving requirements define functions, safety levels, and architectures. At the architecture level, real-time settings, data quality, and speed requirements need to be specified for each link. The char- acteristics of every single link might vary depending on the functions and safety levels of the connected nodes. Despite these variations, all links show common features and can be grouped into the following three categories, as depicted in Figure 4. In-Vehicle Networks In-vehicle network links are cost-efficient solutions that can be used in distributed network architectures with medium-sized data volumes and low latencies. The automotive Ethernet is a key focus for in-ve- hicle networks because of its flexibility and scalability. Surround-view systems demonstrate the power of network solutions. They offer a cost-effective and scalable way to create different system variants with configurations for up to four connected satellite cameras. Building out these in-vehicle networks with automotive Ethernet-compliant connectors and wiring will support OTA software updates, creating advantages for service and repair. The amount of data an autonomous car is expected to generate is multiple terabytes a day. As a consequence, vehicles will need their networks to look much more like a data center's Ethernet-based network. Infotainment Infotainment links have high-performance requirements for high data rates and time-synchronous data streams on multiple devices. Consequently, appropriate links must be designed for optimal signal integrity properties at high frequencies. Typically, infotainment links are used as point-to-point connections (e.g. display links for high resolution dashboards, control panels or HUDs, and in a ring bus configuration). In the future, open protocols, such as audio-video bridging (AVB), might also enable the implementation of automotive network topologies. They would ensure that multiple data streams are made available in a timely basis across different devices. Figure 4: Applications and system requirements