Issue link: https://te.mouser.com/i/1349110
TE Connectivity White Paper /// V2X - An important building block in Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) Page 5 V2X – An important building block in Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) launch the use of C-V2X as early as 2020/2021. The table in figure 4 features a com- parison of essential information and technical parameters for the two competing standards for DSRC and C-V2X. C-V2X here refers to 3GPP releases 14 and 15. With the introduction of 5G NR (new radio) C-V2X in 3GPP release 16, ex- perts expect incompatibilities of the LTE and the 5G versions of C-V2X. How this will affect the implemen- tation of market solutions remains to be seen. In the medium term, in- frastructures consisting of roadside units and on-board units may have to support both standards. 3. Vehicle architectures and V2X In the overall context of vehicle ar- chitectures, V2X usually is assigned to the sensors as a potential addi- tional sensor unit. As described, V2X – as a sensor unit – currently is the only sensor with real-time none-line- of-sight capabilities. Other sensors like cameras, lidar, or radar can only detect objects in their direct line of sight and are "blind" to everything outside their line of sight Figure 5 illustrates a driver assis- tance system (ADAS) and the sensor technologies used. Generally, there are several approaches for imple- menting a V2X system in a vehicle's architecture. 3.1. Complete V2X control unit An obvious approach is a fully inde- pendent V2X control unit, which in- tegrates a complete V2X stack, posi- tioning solution, security processing, and the vehicle data bus interfaces for the exchange of V2X and vehicle data. Figure 6 illustrates the basic structure of such a control unit solution with its individual functional units. The Day-1 applications described above are running on the control unit. Encoded messages received or sent via the V2X frontend are coded resp. decoded by a hardware secu- rity module (HSM). IEEE 802.11p C-V2X Rel-14/15 Specification completed Completed Completed Ready for roll out ü 2020/2021 Support for low latency Direct communications ü ü Operate without Network assistance ü ü Operate in ITS 5.9GHz spectrum ü ü Security and privacy ü (as per IEEE WAVE and ETSI-IT security services) ü (as per IEEE WAVE and ETSI-ITS security services) Roadmap 802.11bd: backward compatible and interoperable upgrade to 802.11p C-V2X Rel-16: based on 5G NR. Operates in a different channel than Rel-14/15 Base Wireless LAN LTE uplink Synchronization Asynchronous Synchronous Channel size 10/20MHz Rel-14 – 10/20MHz Rel-15 – 10/20/Nx20MHz Resource multiplexing across vehicles Time division multiplexing TDM only TDM and Frequency-division multiple (FDM) access Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) Retransmission no ü Waveform Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiplexing (SCFDM) Modulation support Up to 64QAM Up to 64QAM Fig 4: DSRC and C-V2X comparison