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TE Connectivity Trend Paper /// Connectivity for Next-Generation Mobility Page 4 Connectivity for Next-Generation Mobility However, more advanced automat- ed ADAS are also being introduced. One example is adaptive body height control, whereby lateral motion sen- sors detect an imminent side colli- sion. These sensors then work with the car's suspension system, using position sensors to increase the car's body height ride by as much as 10 cm or more. This process exposes a more robust part of the chassis to the likely im- pact zone, limiting harm to the car and its passengers. These functions are examples of Level 3 autonomous driving, or "conditional automation, "as defined by the Society of Auto- motive Engineers' (SAE) harmonized classification system (J3016). IV) Eventually, self-driving vehicles will leverage powerful computing systems to accurately evaluate risk and adapt driving appropriately to each situa- tion. These systems will use machine learning to get smarter over time, pro- viding significant safety advantages over humans who experience distrac- tion, emotion, and fatigue. Such self-driving vehicles will react proactively to difficult situations more quickly than human drivers, calculating the lowest risk outcome in milliseconds. When they can achieve these capa- bilities, cars will be classified as Level 5, full automation, according to the SAE J3016 classification. V) They will then be able to function as true ro- bot vehicles. Other potential benefits of driverless vehicles include: • Reduced logistics costs to busi- nesses • Lower transportation and insur- ance costs for consumers • Enhanced mobility for groups such as children, the elderly, or disabled • The ability for all passengers to use driving time for other pur- poses Mobility-as-a-Service platforms will replace over 2.3 billion urban private car journeys annually by 2023 2.3 Mobility as a Service (MaaS) As driverless vehicles increase in sophistication, providing increased safety, comfort, and infotainment, consumers will move away from the high-cost economic model of per- sonal car ownership and adopt mo- bility as a service (MaaS). Indeed, it is predicted that Mobility-as-a-Service platforms will replace over 2.3 billion urban private car journeys annually by 2023 1) . MaaS opportunities include ride- sharing and e-hailing services, bike- sharing programs, car-sharing ser- vices, and on-demand "pop-up" bus services from companies such as Lyft, Uber, and China's Didi. The growth of such services is in line with growing urbanization and the creation of more megacities. According to the United Nations, 55% of the world's population cur- rently lives in urban areas. By 2050, an additional 2.5 billion people will be added to these areas, with 90% Figure 1: Creating the Next-Generation Mobility Value Chain